Principles of Water Quality Control, Fifth Edition

T.H.Y. Tebbutt

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The importance of safe water supply and effective sanitation was recognized centuries ago by several ancient civilizations. Archaeological excavations in Asia and the Middle East have revealed highly developed communities with piped water supplies, latrines, and sewers. The Minoan civilization in Crete, which flourished 4000 years ago, used fired clay water and wastewater pipes, and the dwellings were provided with flushing toilets. The Romans were expert public health engineers and had highly developed water supply and drainage systems in the main cities. Considerable amounts of water were used in continuously operating fountains which provided the main water supply for most of the population, although wealthy families had their own piped supplies.