Design of Columns Spreadsheet

Design of Columns Spreadsheet

Columns are classified as short or long depending on their slenderness ratios. Short columns
usually, fail when their materials are overstressed and long columns usually fail due to buckling
which produces secondary moments resulting from the P - D effect.
Columns are classified according to the way they are reinforced into tied and spirally reinforced
columns. Columns are usually reinforced with longitudinal and transverse reinforcement. When
this transverse reinforcement is in the form of ties, the column is called “tied”. If the transverse
reinforcement is in the form of helical hoops, the column is called “spirally reinforced”.
Since the failure of columns often cause extensive damage, they are designed with a higher factor of
safety than beams.

Columns are divided into three types according to the way they are reinforced:
1-Tied Columns
A tied column is a column in which the longitudinal reinforcement bars are
tied together with separate smaller diameter transverse bars (ties) spaced at some interval along
the column height. These ties help to hold the longitudinal reinforcement bars in place during
construction and ensure the stability of these bars against local buckling. The cross sections of such
columns are usually square, rectangular, or circular in shape. A minimum of four bars is used in

rectangular and circular cross-sections.

2-Spirally-Reinforced Columns
They are columns in which the longitudinal bars are arranged in a circle surrounded by a closely
spaced continuous spiral. These columns are usually circular or square in

shape. A minimum of six bars is used for longitudinal reinforcement.

3-Composite Columns
A composite column is a column made of structural steel shapes or pipes surrounded by or filled

by concrete with or without longitudinal reinforcement.

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One Way Slab Design Spreadsheets to Eurocode 2

One Way Slab Design Spreadsheets to Eurocode 2 

Slab consists of two types which are one way slab and two way slabs.
One way slab has two types namely simply supported slab and one way
continuous slab. While two way slabs also consist of two types namely simply
supported two way slab and constrained slab. Slab types can be decided
through side ratio calculation through BS8 110 reference such as:

• Ly / Lx <2.0 (two way)
• Ly / Lx > 2.0 (one-way)

with Ly was longer side and Lx was shorter side.

 A slab is called one-way if the main reinforcement designs within one
direction only. This situation happens if slab is supported only on two sides
only. If slab were supported at all four sides, slab will become one way if
long span ratio (Ly) to short span (Lx) is exceeding 2. Because of slab string
one-way then reinforcement in span direction is main reinforcement, while
reinforcement in direction perpendicular by span known as second
reinforcement which functions as binding main reinforcement and help stress
distribution because of temperature changes and concrete shrinkage.

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Design Laterally Loaded Elastic Piles Spreadsheet

Design Laterally Loaded Elastic Piles Spreadsheet

Understanding and mastering the seismic analysis and design of deep foundations is a challenging yet essential element of the advanced education of students in the field of civil engineering. Our past experience in the academic context of helping students achieve the desired outcomes had been a frustrating endeavor, given the time and effort invested. It is in part in response the need to provide a leaner and more efficient learning and teaching approach that the work described in this paper evolved. In essence, the transfer of lateral loads from deep foundations to the subsurface strata is a complex soil-structure interaction problem. The movements and flexural stresses in the pile depend on the soil resistance, while the soil resistance is a function of the deformations of the pile itself. Furthermore, the ultimate resistance of a vertical pile to a lateral load and the deflection of the pile as the load builds up to its ultimate value are complex and involve the interaction between a semi-rigid structural element and soils which deforms partly elastically and partly plastically. Given the typically limited time and resources allocated to this topic in a three credit course, as other equally relevant applications are to be covered, imparting sufficient and fundamental understanding of this applied problem constitutes a real challenge that the spreadsheet approach presented herein attempted to meet.

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