DESIGN AND DETAILING OF RETAINING WALLS
Design and detailing of retaining walls lecture will make student after this class be able to do the
complete design and detailing of different types of
retaining walls.
Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. However, retaining
walls can also be constructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes.
Classification of Retaining walls :
• Gravity wall-Masonry or Plain concrete
• Cantilever retaining wall-RCC
(Inverted T and L)
• Counterfort retaining wall-RCC
• Buttress wall-RCC
complete design and detailing of different types of
retaining walls.
Retaining walls are usually built to hold back soil mass. However, retaining
walls can also be constructed for aesthetic landscaping purposes.
Classification of Retaining walls :
• Gravity wall-Masonry or Plain concrete
• Cantilever retaining wall-RCC
(Inverted T and L)
• Counterfort retaining wall-RCC
• Buttress wall-RCC
Behaviour or structural action and design of stem, heel and toe slabs are same as that
Design of Heel and Toe :
1. Heel slab and toe slab should also be designed as cantilever. For this
stability analysis should be performed as explained and determine
the maximum bending moments at the junction.
2. Determine the reinforcement.
3. Also check for shear at the junction.
4. Provide enough development length.
5. Provide the distribution steelof any cantilever slab.
Design of Stem :
The stem acts as a continuous slab
• Soil pressure acts as the load on the slab.
• Earth pressure varies linearly over the height
• The slab deflects away from the earth face
between the counterforts
• The bending moment in the stem is
maximum at the base and reduces towards
top.
• But the thickness of the wall is kept constant
and only the area of steel is reduced.
Design of Heel and Toe :
1. Heel slab and toe slab should also be designed as cantilever. For this
stability analysis should be performed as explained and determine
the maximum bending moments at the junction.
2. Determine the reinforcement.
3. Also check for shear at the junction.
4. Provide enough development length.
5. Provide the distribution steelof any cantilever slab.
Design of Stem :
The stem acts as a continuous slab
• Soil pressure acts as the load on the slab.
• Earth pressure varies linearly over the height
• The slab deflects away from the earth face
between the counterforts
• The bending moment in the stem is
maximum at the base and reduces towards
top.
• But the thickness of the wall is kept constant
and only the area of steel is reduced.
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